Journal: Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology

Article Title: Atomic Force Microscope Cantilever Flexural Stiffness Calibration: Toward a Standard Traceable Method

doi: 10.6028/jres.116.015

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of precision and accuracy for different calibration techniques using Test Cantilever #3

Article Snippet: The test cantilever is brought into close proximity to the reference cantilever and a series of measurements are made using the force-displacement curve mode of the AFM. shows the AFM configuration for this method where the reference cantilever mounted on a ( z ) scanning piezo AFM sample stage (Veeco Multimode® AFM used in this study) [it will also work in configurations in which the upper test cantilever is mounted on a ( z ) scanning piezo holder].

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology

Article Title: Atomic Force Microscope Cantilever Flexural Stiffness Calibration: Toward a Standard Traceable Method

doi: 10.6028/jres.116.015

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of precision and accuracy for different calibration techniques using Test Cantilever #5

Article Snippet: The test cantilever is brought into close proximity to the reference cantilever and a series of measurements are made using the force-displacement curve mode of the AFM. shows the AFM configuration for this method where the reference cantilever mounted on a ( z ) scanning piezo AFM sample stage (Veeco Multimode® AFM used in this study) [it will also work in configurations in which the upper test cantilever is mounted on a ( z ) scanning piezo holder].

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Release following Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in Newborn Rats Treated with Therapeutic Hypothermia

doi: 10.3390/ijms24043598

Figure Lengend Snippet: NETosis and its interactions with other cells in the brain after HI injury. Immunostaining was performed on brain slices at 24 h post-HI and representative images were taken from the cortex on the ipsilateral side of the brain. ( a ) Positive Cit-H3 cells in green show that the formation of NETosis was near positive microglial cells (red) in both NT and TH treatment groups. White arrows indicate positive Iba-1 microglial cells, while white asterisks indicate positive Cit-H3 NETs. Clear amoeboid and activated microglial cells were observed in the NT and TH groups, while ramified and resting microglia cells were observed in the sham group. The nuclear marker Dapi is shown in blue. ( b ) Quantitative analyses of the cortical area showing the number of positive Cit-H3 cells in the NT group (grey column) compared to the TH group (black column) (24 h after HI; data from five biological replicates (n = 5)). Student’s t -test was used with a * p < 0.05. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. ( c ) Quantitative analyses 24 h after HI of the distance between the center of mass between neutrophil and microglial cells. #1–5 represent different animals. n = 5 with a total of 60 cells in the cortical areas per animal counted. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. ( d ) Positive Cit-H3 cells (green) are proximal to positive NeuN cells (red) regardless of the treatment used: NT or TH. The nuclear marker Dapi is shown in blue. ( e ) Quantitative analyses of the cortical area showing the number of positive Cit-H3 cells in the NT group (grey column) compared to the TH group (black column) (24 h after HI; data from five biological replicates (n = 5)). Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. Images were taken with Axioscan microscope with an objective of 20×. Scale bar = 10 µm.

Article Snippet: For quantification of the neutrophil-microglial distance (μm), scanned pictures with a 20× objective (AxioScan Z.1, Zeiss, Oberkochem, Germany) was performed as previously described with some modifications [ , ].

Techniques: Immunostaining, Marker, Microscopy

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Release following Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in Newborn Rats Treated with Therapeutic Hypothermia

doi: 10.3390/ijms24043598

Figure Lengend Snippet: Temporal induction of NETosis increased the expression of NLRP-3 inflammasome in ipsilateral brain samples after HI-NT or HI-TH treatment. Representative Western blotting images for all time points and conditions ( a ) for the NLRP-3 inflammasome marker, Caspase-1, IL-1beta, IL-18, and PAD4, and loading control β-actin. ( b ) Quantitative analysis of NLRP-3 inflammasome, ( c ) Caspase-1, ( d ) IL-1beta, ( e ) IL-18, and ( f ) PAD4 expression in neutrophils isolated from brain samples at the indicated time points after HI following NT or TH. Optical density was measured, and the ratio against the loading control β-actin was calculated. Data of ten biological replicates (n = 10) per time point and condition (see ). Two-way ANOVA was used with a * p < 0.05. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. ( g ) Representative images of positive NETosis in the cortical area from the ipsilateral side of the brain 24 h after HI in areas with strong NLRP-3-positive staining. The nuclear marker Dapi, in blue. Scale bar = 10 µm. Images were taken with Axioscan microscope, with an objective of 20×. ( h ) Quantitative analyses of the cortical area showing the number of positive Cit-H3 cells in the NT group compared to the TH group (24 h after HI; data from five biological replicates (n = 5)). Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. ( b – f , h ): sham (white column), HI (grey with cross-line column), HI/NT (grey column), and HI/TH (black column).

Article Snippet: For quantification of the neutrophil-microglial distance (μm), scanned pictures with a 20× objective (AxioScan Z.1, Zeiss, Oberkochem, Germany) was performed as previously described with some modifications [ , ].

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Marker, Control, Isolation, Staining, Microscopy